diseases of hormonal abnormalities
What is osteoporosis? It is a disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in the risk of fracture. The Wolrd Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis as a bone density that falls 2.5 standard deviations (sd) below the mean for young healthy …
Metabolic syndrome is also called “syndrome X” and “insulin resistance syndrome”. It consists of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus. The main features of the metabolic syndrome are: Central obesity Hypertriglyceridemia Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol Hyperglycemia Hypertension Prevalence of Metabolic syndrome: The highest recorded prevalence …
Diabetes is a hyperglycemic syndrome affecting almost every organ system of the body. The three diabetes types are: Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes The primary defect in diabetes is either an absolute or relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance or both. Treatment goal of any diabetic patient is maintaining normal or …
Diabetes Types – What’s really new in the new classification Read More »
Facial hair in women can be mild and be unnoticed but in the majority of young females is very embarrassing. Facial hair in women can be an isolated problem or part of a systemic problem of hyperandrogenism. When it is part of a systemic disease, it is called hirsutism. Hirsutism is defined by the presence …
Facial Hair in women – Causes and Treatment options Read More »
Thyroiditis is inflammation of the thyroid gland. Subacute thyroiditis (or subacute granulomatous thyroiditis) and infectious thyroiditis (or suppurative thyroiditis) can manifest as an acute or subacute illness. On the other hand, painless ( or silent thyroiditis) and fibrous (Reidels thyroiditis) can present only with thyroid dysfunction. How Subacute Thyroiditis can present? Subacute thyroiditis is manifested …
Subacute Thyroiditis – a non-infectious cause of fever Read More »
Diabetic patients need to know their target blood sugars. When the target blood sugars are known, modifications in diet, exercise routine and changes in medications become easy. Normalization of plasma glucose is difficult and maintaining a euglycemic state for a longer period of time is extremely difficult. Regardless of the level of hyperglycemia, improvement in the …
Diabetes Mellitus, an incurable disease, is known to be a silent killer. Most of the complications of diabetes and deaths result from advancing disease status and progressing target end-organ damage. Diabetes is not just about numbers but preventing one’s self from acquiring the dreadful Complications of diabetes mellitus. People who are compliant to the diabetic …
PCOS or Polycystic ovarian syndrome and polycystic ovaries are two different conditions which are often used synonymously. Polycystic ovaries refer to a condition in which at least one of the ovaries contain twelve or more follicles. Thus polycystic ovary is a radiological diagnosis. In contrast to polycystic ovaries, the polycystic ovarian syndrome is a triad …
PCOS or Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome – an Overview Read More »
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure located in the base of the brain responsible for secreting a variety of hormones. These hormones are either directly or indirectly controlling the metabolic activities of the body and other functions. Anatomy and physiology of the pituitary gland The pituitary gland has two distinct structures. Anterior pituitary and …
Pituitary gland hormones- The controller hormones! Read More »
Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide. Reduced intake of vitamin D rich food items and sun exposure are the primary factors leading to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency causes hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia leading to reduced mineralization of bones. Other than its effects on bones, it is now thought to have effects on almost …