Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. Fluid in the pleural cavity may be part of a systemic process or due to a diseased pleura. Pleural effusion does not mean simple fluid, it can be blood, pus, serous, malignant or infective in nature. All these may be diagnosed as pleural effusion …
Pleural Effusion – How to interpret the results? Read More »
Nutritional anemia is anemia caused by the deficiency of a nutrient required for the production of red blood cells. Nutritional anemia can be a consequence of inadequate intake of the nutrient or a defective absorption or because of increased requirements by the body. Of the nutritional anemias, Iron deficiency anemia is the most common. It …
Spider Angiomata are tiny vascular lesions characterized by a central pulsating arteriole with radiating branches. The narrow vascular branches resemble the legs of a spider. Spider angiomata is also called as a Spider Nevus, Spider Angioma, and Nevus Araneus. Up to 15% of the healthy population may have one or more spider angiomata. What causes …
Mucopolysaccharidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with deficiency of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans. This results in accumulation of GAGs in the lysosomes resulting in cellular dysfunction. Mucopolysaccharidosis should be suspected in patients with short stature, hepatosplenomeglay, coarse facial features, skeletal dysplasias, corneal opacities with or without neurological involvement. Diagnosis is made …
Mucopolysaccharidosis – a female with skeletal deformities Read More »
This is a young female patient who came to our OPD with bulging eyes. History of the patient with bulging eyes This young female patient was alright four years back when she noticed that she was losing weight despite having a normal appetite. Overtime she felt more anxious and could not bear heat. She also …
Shingles also called as herpes zoster is a virus born disease, characterized by a rash and neuritis in a dermatomal pattern. What causes shingles? Shingles is caused by the virus varicella zoster which is responsible for the highly contagious disease Chickenpox. Chickenpox is the primary infection after which the virus remains dormant for years in the …
This is an elderly diabetic patient, with facial lesions and fever. The patient is a type 2 Diabetic patient for the last ten years on metformin and premixed insulin twice daily. His blood sugars are mostly in the range of 200 to 300 mg/dl and glycated haemoglobin of 9.8 %. Five days back he developed facial …
Nausea is the unpleasant sensation of being about to throw up. Nausea may be secondary to a disorder of the GI tract, however, other causes are not uncommon. Nausea may or may not be followed by vomiting. Vomiting is the actual throwing out of gastric contents. Vomiting is a protective reflex in animals and humans …
Hereditary spherocytosis is a familial hemolytic disorder with variable clinical features. It is the most common congenital hemolytic disorder due to a defect in the red cell membrane. Hereditary spherocytosis Inheritance: Any of the Six genes that code for proteins responsible for maintaining the membrane skeleton may be defective. Spectrin deficiency leads to loss of …
Hereditary Spherocytosis – inheritance, symptoms and treatment Read More »
Lumbar puncture procedure is commonly performed in patients with neurological diseases. It is performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purpose. Here we discuss how a lumbar puncture is performed and what are the indications and contraindications for a lumbar puncture. How to perform a Lumbar puncture Procedure? Before proceeding to the steps of a lumbar …
Lumbar Puncture Procedure – How and When to perform? Read More »