Difficulty in walking may be secondary to a disorder in the joints, muscles, peripheral nerves, or a central cause. This is a story of our patient who presented with vertigo and walking difficulty for the past six months. This patient has no comorbid conditions like Diabetes, Hypertension, or Cardiovascular diseases. He noticed that while walking, …
Dengue Fever was previously (and even now) known for the classic symptoms of high-grade fever with severe body aches. The term “Bone-Breaking Fever” was derived because of the severe pains associated with it. However, with each epidemic, patients who get infected, acquire life-long immunity to one strain but at the same time become more hypersensitive …
Dengue Fever Symptoms and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Read More »
Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical syndrome characterized by generalized body swelling as a result of proteins loss in the urine. Before discussing the key points in the diagnosis and management of nephrotic syndrome, I present here a case scenario of our patient who was admitted with generalized body swelling in our ward. A young male …
A 36 years of age female patient was brought to the hospital with rapid weight gain. The patient is an unmarried female with a history of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (and menstrual irregularities). She had been obese since teenage that resulted in depression and psychosocial issues like fatigue, somnolence, staying at home most of the …
Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes covering the brain called meninges. It usually follows a bloodstream infection, pneumonia, pelvic and urinary tract infection, and upper respiratory tract infection. Meningitis may be caused by bacterial, fungal, tuberculous, or viral infections. The most common bacteria causing meningitis in adults is streptococcus pneumonia. In newborns, E.coli is the …
Meningitis – an overview of the symptoms and signs! Read More »
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has issued final appraisal determination (FAD) for the use of 5 mg Forxiga or dapagliflozin in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients with insulin in patients with inadequate glycemic control. Dapagliflozin (Forxiga) is an oral antidiabetic medication that is now commonly used to treat patients with type 2 Diabetes …
Dapagliflozin (Forxiga) in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus! Read More »
Rituximab is available in Pakistan by the brand names of Ristova and MabThera (Roche Pakistan Ltd). It is indicated for a variety of conditions worldwide. Some of the common indications of Rituximab are: Blood cancers: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Lymphoma Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia Autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis Wegener’s Granulomatosis Microscopic polyangiitis Immune thrombocytopenia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia …
Lower back pain is a common problem in individuals of all ages. Most of the causes are benign that is related to an abnormal posture, excessive weight lifting, or as a part of systemic pain syndromes. Since most of the causes are benign, majority of the patients respond to simple pain relief medicines and rest. …
Lower back pain – Symptoms that warrant an urgent evaluation! Read More »
PUO or Pyrexia of unknown or FUO (Fever of unknown origin) origin refers to a febrile state of a prolonged duration without any obvious cause. It is important to note that PUO is not a diagnosis, it is a failure on the part of the physician to reach a diagnosis. Quite often, the physician is …
PUO (Pyrexia of Unknown Origin) – Causes & Workup Read More »
Fever of unknown origin is a frustrating diagnosis for both the patient and the physician. It is rather a failure on the part of the physician being not been able to make a diagnosis. When the physician is not able to make a diagnosis, the frustrated physician then tries to prescribe very broad-spectrum antibiotics. These …