Jaundice is the yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera. This yellowish discoloration is imparted by a chemical in the blood called Bilirubin. Bilirubin is the end product of heme which is produced when red blood cells are destroyed. After red blood cell lysis, the heme is converted to bilirubin which is then …
Jaundice or icterus is a symptom and not a disease!! Read More »
Vitamin D deficiency is very common worldwide. Reduced intake of vitamin D rich food items and sun exposure are the primary factors leading to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency causes hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia leading to reduced mineralization of bones. Other than its effects on bones, it is now thought to have effects on almost …
The United States food and drugs authority (FDA) announced recently, a voluntary recall of several medicines containing valsartan following detection of an impurity. Valsartan brands in Pakistan Valsartan is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin receptor blockers. Various companies have marketed …
Valsartan recall by FDA/ DRAP due to carinogenic impurities Read More »
Urinalysis or urine routine examination is a very simple test and easily accessible everywhere. It can give a clue to a variety of underlying kidney diseases. Urinalysis consists of gross inspection, urine dipstick examination, and urine microscopy. How to obtain a urine specimen for Urinalysis? A clean container should be used for collection of urine …
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It is the most common thyroid disorder. The Thyroid gland The thyroid gland is situated in front of the neck just above the clavicles. It is responsible for producing thyroid hormones. The two important hormones produced by the thyroid gland …
Allergic Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which the airways are very sensitive to allergens. After exposure to allergens, there is airway inflammation leading to narrowing of the airways and mucus production. Symptoms and signs of Allergic Asthma: Asthmatic patients can present with a cough, wheezing, shortness of breath or chest tightness. Patients may …
Allergic Asthma – Diagnosis and mimickers of Asthma!! Read More »
Brittle diabetes as the name suggests is the wide variation in blood sugars after a minute change in insulin dose. An increase in one or two units can cause hypoglycemia and vice versa i.e. marked hyperglycemia with a slight decrease in insulin. Brittle diabetes almost always occurs in type 1 diabetes but can also be …
Brittle diabetes- a young man living as a child!! Read More »
Dyslipidemias in children with Diabetes Mellitus is reported to be around 18%. However, the use of statins in children is controversial. Diabetic patients are at increased risk of developing heart and renal diseases. Complications develop in diabetic patients after around ten to fifteen years. Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus are more difficult to manage. …
Efficacy of Statins in children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Read More »
Weight gain is associated with physical and emotional distress. It results when caloric intake exceeds body requirement. True weight gain is excess body fat. Weight gain can also occur as a result of fluid accumulation in the body in certain conditions, most importantly heart diseases, kidney and liver diseases. Certain drugs can also result in …
A persistent cough with mucus or blood is an alarming situation. Cough syrup or an expectorant is not the solution. Here, I discuss some important symptoms which could be a clue to an underlying serious problem. A cough is a protective mechanism of the respiratory tract. It can be acute or chronic. An acute cough …
Cough with alarming symptoms – When to consult a doctor? Read More »